Innovative processing concepts and processes are of great importance for ensuring a steadily increasing, efficient, independent and sustainable production of high-quality mineral products for Europe in general and Austria in particular. In particular, efforts to further develop dry-operated processing concepts must be accelerated, as legal requirements at European and national level are becoming increasingly stringent with regard to environmental protection, but especially with regard to the careful use of water as a resource. One possible sorting process that is considered to have a high potential for increased industrial use, but which has so far only established itself in niches as a separation process in mineral processing, is electro-separation after tribocharging. A major reason for the comparatively low frequency of use is the still limited knowledge of the complex interrelationships involved in the charging of mineral surfaces. This is exactly where the present dissertation comes in. In large-scale test series based on statistical experimental design, sorting tests were carried out on magnesium oxide, raw magnesite, gulsenite and halite. For this purpose, the X2 laboratory belt separator developed by ST Equipment & Technology LLC was used, which - unique in the world - is located in the climatic chamber of the Chair of Mineral Processing. In particular, the influences of various factors relevant to the sorting process - such as the machine parameters of the belt separator, the raw material properties and the ambient conditions during sorting - were investigated in the course of this extensive series of tests, and optimized parameter settings were sought. Furthermore, a triboelectrostatic charging unit was developed, built and put into operation, with which the triboelectrostatic charging on various pure mineral samples or raw material types was to be influenced, quantitatively recorded and "controlled", in order to develop a better understanding of the influences acting during charging.