Mineral extraction inevitably leads to land disturbance, so it is important to take preventive measures to avoid negative impacts initially, and subsequent measures to restore the land and its ecological functions. Reclamation is one of the most important ways of restoring land quality. This final qualification paper presents the specifics of the process of reclamation of disturbed lands associated with phosphate mining, examines the main provisions of regulatory and legal acts relating to reclamation and the specifics of its implementation in mineral extraction in the Russian Federation and in the world. In the case of the Kingisepp phosphate rock deposit, the vegetation dynamics were investigated by analysing geobotanical descriptions. Based on the results, general recommendations for land reclamation at the Kingisepp phosphate rock deposit were given based on accumulated Russian and international experience.