With the EU Emissions Trading System, the EU created a system to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. CO2 originating from biogenic sources is not covered by this system. For this reason, it is useful to know the pathways of biogenic carbon in a waste management system and in refuse derived fuels. Waste paper, biowaste, and residual waste are the fractions with the largest amount of biogenic carbon in a waste management system; for RDF, it is the waste paper fraction and the sorting residue. Plastics also have a biogenic carbon fraction in both systems considered, which comes from biopolymers. This type of plastic is either biodegradable or made from renewable resources. The applications of bioplastics span the entire range of applications of conventional polymers. In some uses, such as in the medical field as a suture or stabilizing material, plastics that are degradable in the body are even advantageous. For the recycling of bioplastics after use, almost the same processes can be used as for conventional plastics. In addition to this, compostable plastics can also be subjected to composting.