The focus of this Thesis is given by a possible future inclusion of parts of the Austrian waste management into European emission trading. During the discussion of various aspects of such an inclusion, particular attention is paid to municipal solid waste incineration plants, but also to residual waste and packaging waste collection. At the beginning the statuary framework of European emission trading and the fundamentals of Austrian waste management are introduced. The development of greenhouse gas emissions caused by waste management in Austria are displayed and a possible inclusion of subdomains, like the municipal solid waste incineration, into emission trading are discussed. Activities of greenhouse gas emission reduction, with a particular regard on the technical feasibility and economical reasonability of carbon capture and storage for municipal solid waste incineration, are highlighted. The CO2 reduction potential of system alteration and of the application of low-emission vehicles/fuels are investigated for communal waste collection. Additionally the option of generating emission allowances by means of JI/CDM projects is outlined.