TY - JOUR

T1 - Additive manufacturing of 3D yttria-stabilized zirconia microarchitectures

AU - Winczewski, J.P.

AU - Zeiler, Stefan

AU - Gabel, S.

AU - Maestre, D.

AU - Merle, Benoit

AU - Gardeniers, J.G.E.

AU - Susarrey-Arce, A.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)

PY - 2024/2/1

Y1 - 2024/2/1

N2 - The additive manufacturing (AM) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) microarchitectures with sub-micrometer precision via two-photon lithography (TPL), utilizing custom photoresin containing zirconium and yttrium monomers is investigated. YSZ 3D microarchitectures can be formed at low temperatures (600 °C). The low-temperature phase stabilization of ZrO 2 doped with Y 2O 3 demonstrates that doping ZrO 2 with ≈ 10 mol% Y 2O 3 stabilizes the c-ZrO 2 phase. The approach does not utilize YSZ particles as additives. Instead, the crystallization of the YSZ phase is initiated after printing, i.e., during thermal processing in the air at 600 °C – 1200 °C for one and two hours. The YSZ microarchitectures are characterized in detail. This includes understanding the role of defect chemistry, which has been overlooked in TPL-enabled micro-ceramics. Upon UV excitation, defect-related yellowish-green emission is observed from YSZ microarchitectures associated with intrinsic and extrinsic centers, correlated with the charge compensation due to Y 3+ doping. The mechanical properties of the microarchitectures are assessed with manufactured micropillars. Micropillar compression yields the intrinsic mechanical strength of YSZ. The highest strength is observed for micropillars annealed at 600 °C, and this characteristic decreased with an increase in the annealing temperature. The deformation behavior gradually changes from ductile to brittle-like, correlating with the Hall–Petch strengthening mechanism.

AB - The additive manufacturing (AM) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) microarchitectures with sub-micrometer precision via two-photon lithography (TPL), utilizing custom photoresin containing zirconium and yttrium monomers is investigated. YSZ 3D microarchitectures can be formed at low temperatures (600 °C). The low-temperature phase stabilization of ZrO 2 doped with Y 2O 3 demonstrates that doping ZrO 2 with ≈ 10 mol% Y 2O 3 stabilizes the c-ZrO 2 phase. The approach does not utilize YSZ particles as additives. Instead, the crystallization of the YSZ phase is initiated after printing, i.e., during thermal processing in the air at 600 °C – 1200 °C for one and two hours. The YSZ microarchitectures are characterized in detail. This includes understanding the role of defect chemistry, which has been overlooked in TPL-enabled micro-ceramics. Upon UV excitation, defect-related yellowish-green emission is observed from YSZ microarchitectures associated with intrinsic and extrinsic centers, correlated with the charge compensation due to Y 3+ doping. The mechanical properties of the microarchitectures are assessed with manufactured micropillars. Micropillar compression yields the intrinsic mechanical strength of YSZ. The highest strength is observed for micropillars annealed at 600 °C, and this characteristic decreased with an increase in the annealing temperature. The deformation behavior gradually changes from ductile to brittle-like, correlating with the Hall–Petch strengthening mechanism.

KW - 3D printing

KW - Additive manufacturing

KW - Micromechanics

KW - Photoluminescence

KW - Yttria-stabilized zirconia

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184666072&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112701

DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112701

M3 - Article

VL - 238.2024

JO - Materials and Design

JF - Materials and Design

SN - 0264-1275

IS - February

M1 - 112701

ER -