TY - JOUR

T1 - The Effects of Washing and Formaldehyde Sterilization on the Mechanical Performance of Poly(methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Parts Produced by Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing or Material Jetting

AU - Petersmann, Sandra

AU - Hentschel, Lukas

AU - Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Joamin

AU - Tödtling, Martin

AU - Schäfer, Ute

AU - Arbeiter, Florian

AU - Üçal, Muammer

N1 - This work was supported by the project CAMed (COMET K‐Project 871132) funded by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT) and the Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs (BMDW) and the Styrian Business Promotion Agency (SFG). The authors would like to thank project partners HAGE3D GmbH, ARBURG GmbH + Co KG, and Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials Inc. for providing either their AM devices or material. The authors would like to thank the company Roehm GmbH for their material supply, Philipp Huber for his support during the manufacturing of certain samples, and Markus Schwaiger for performing the infrared spectroscopy. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Advanced Engineering Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

PY - 2022/5/13

Y1 - 2022/5/13

N2 - Nowadays, personalized medical implants are frequently produced through additive manufacturing. As all medical devices have to undergo specific washing and sterilization before application, the effects of a predefined cleaning routine that is available to the clinical institutes, washing with chemical agent and formaldehyde fumigation, on the mechanical behavior of printed parts are examined. Mechanical properties of parts manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) and ARBURG plastic freeforming (APF) using two poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based materials, 3Diakon and CYROLITE MD H12, respectively, are analyzed using flexural and impact tests. An influence of cleaning treatments on the mechanical properties of APF samples is not detected. FFF samples, however, show lower impact strength after washing, but not after sterilization. The fracture surfaces, porosity values, or chemical structure assessed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could not explain this decrease. Influence of the cleaning treatments on the material itself is assessed using thin compression-molded specimens. The influence on the stress–strain curves is negligible, apart from a slight but significant reduction in the yield stress. FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses of the fracture surfaces do not show detectable differences among differentially treated samples.

AB - Nowadays, personalized medical implants are frequently produced through additive manufacturing. As all medical devices have to undergo specific washing and sterilization before application, the effects of a predefined cleaning routine that is available to the clinical institutes, washing with chemical agent and formaldehyde fumigation, on the mechanical behavior of printed parts are examined. Mechanical properties of parts manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) and ARBURG plastic freeforming (APF) using two poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based materials, 3Diakon and CYROLITE MD H12, respectively, are analyzed using flexural and impact tests. An influence of cleaning treatments on the mechanical properties of APF samples is not detected. FFF samples, however, show lower impact strength after washing, but not after sterilization. The fracture surfaces, porosity values, or chemical structure assessed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could not explain this decrease. Influence of the cleaning treatments on the material itself is assessed using thin compression-molded specimens. The influence on the stress–strain curves is negligible, apart from a slight but significant reduction in the yield stress. FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses of the fracture surfaces do not show detectable differences among differentially treated samples.

KW - ARBURG plastic freeforming

KW - fused filament fabrication

KW - mechanical properties

KW - PMMA

KW - washing and formaldehyde sterilization

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130620212&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/adem.202200225

DO - 10.1002/adem.202200225

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85130620212

VL - 24.2022

JO - Advanced engineering materials

JF - Advanced engineering materials

SN - 1438-1656

M1 - 2200225

ER -