Surface-Immobilized Photoinitiators for Light Induced Polymerization and Coupling Reactions
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In: Polymers, Vol. 14.2022, No. 3, 608, 04.02.2022.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Surface-Immobilized Photoinitiators for Light Induced Polymerization and Coupling Reactions
AU - Müller, Matthias
AU - Bandl, Christine
AU - Kern, Wolfgang
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/2/4
Y1 - 2022/2/4
N2 - Straightforward and versatile surface modification, functionalization and coating have become a significant topic in material sciences. While physical modification suffers from severe drawbacks, such as insufficient stability, chemical induced grafting processes efficiently modify organic and inorganic materials and surfaces due to covalent linkage. These processes include the “grafting from” method, where polymer chains are directly grown from the surface in terms of a surface-initiated polymerization and the “grafting to” method where a preformed (macro)-molecule is introduced to a preliminary treated surface via a coupling reaction. Both methods require an initiating species that is immobilized at the surface and can be triggered either by heat or light, whereas light induced processes have recently received increasing interest. Therefore, a major challenge is the ongoing search for suitable anchor moieties that provide covalent linkage to the surface and include initiators for surface-initiated polymerization and coupling reactions, respectively. This review containing 205 references provides an overview on photoinitiators which are covalently coupled to different surfaces, and are utilized for subsequent photopolymerizations and photocoupling reactions. An emphasis is placed on the coupling strategies for different surfaces, including oxides, metals, and cellulosic materials, with a focus on surface coupled free radical photoinitiators (type I and type II). Furthermore, the concept of surface initiation mediated by photoiniferters (PIMP) is reviewed. Regarding controlled radical polymerization from surfaces, a large section of the paper reviews surface-tethered co-initiators, ATRP initiators, and RAFT agents. In combination with photoinitiators or photoredox catalysts, these compounds are employed for surface initiated photopolymerizations. Moreover, examples for coupled photoacids and photoacid generators are presented. Another large section of the article reviews photocoupling and photoclick techniques. Here, the focus is set on light sensitive groups, such as organic azides, tetrazoles and diazirines, which have proven useful in biochemistry, composite technology and many other fields.
AB - Straightforward and versatile surface modification, functionalization and coating have become a significant topic in material sciences. While physical modification suffers from severe drawbacks, such as insufficient stability, chemical induced grafting processes efficiently modify organic and inorganic materials and surfaces due to covalent linkage. These processes include the “grafting from” method, where polymer chains are directly grown from the surface in terms of a surface-initiated polymerization and the “grafting to” method where a preformed (macro)-molecule is introduced to a preliminary treated surface via a coupling reaction. Both methods require an initiating species that is immobilized at the surface and can be triggered either by heat or light, whereas light induced processes have recently received increasing interest. Therefore, a major challenge is the ongoing search for suitable anchor moieties that provide covalent linkage to the surface and include initiators for surface-initiated polymerization and coupling reactions, respectively. This review containing 205 references provides an overview on photoinitiators which are covalently coupled to different surfaces, and are utilized for subsequent photopolymerizations and photocoupling reactions. An emphasis is placed on the coupling strategies for different surfaces, including oxides, metals, and cellulosic materials, with a focus on surface coupled free radical photoinitiators (type I and type II). Furthermore, the concept of surface initiation mediated by photoiniferters (PIMP) is reviewed. Regarding controlled radical polymerization from surfaces, a large section of the paper reviews surface-tethered co-initiators, ATRP initiators, and RAFT agents. In combination with photoinitiators or photoredox catalysts, these compounds are employed for surface initiated photopolymerizations. Moreover, examples for coupled photoacids and photoacid generators are presented. Another large section of the article reviews photocoupling and photoclick techniques. Here, the focus is set on light sensitive groups, such as organic azides, tetrazoles and diazirines, which have proven useful in biochemistry, composite technology and many other fields.
KW - Coating
KW - Grafting from
KW - Grafting to
KW - Immobilized photoinitiator
KW - Photocoupling
KW - Photoiniferter
KW - Surface coupled initiator
KW - Surface initiated photopolymerization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124178335&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/polym14030608
DO - 10.3390/polym14030608
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85124178335
VL - 14.2022
JO - Polymers
JF - Polymers
SN - 2073-4360
IS - 3
M1 - 608
ER -