TY - JOUR

T1 - Primary Carbide Formation in Tool Steels

T2 - Potential of Selected Laboratory Methods and Potential of Partial Premelting for the Generation of Thermodynamic Data

AU - Presoly, Peter

AU - Gerstl, Bernhard

AU - Bernhard, Christian

AU - Marsoner, Stefan

AU - Angerer, Paul

AU - Friessnegger, Bernhard

AU - Hahn, Susanne

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Steel Research International published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

PY - 2022/11/10

Y1 - 2022/11/10

N2 - To predict the solidification and product properties of tool steels with complex chemical compositions, an understanding of the transformation behavior is crucial. Therefore, the quaternary Fe–C system with 10 wt% Cr and 3 wt% W (a subsystem of cold work steels, with M7C3 and M23C6 carbides) and the Fe–C system with 6 wt% W and 5 wt% Mo (simplified high-speed steel, with M6C and MC carbides) are selected. The motivation for this study is to develop a methodology for the safe and fast production of model alloys and the close to equilibrium performance of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Regular diffusion annealing of as-cast carbidic steels is time-consuming, but with an additional heat treatment during the DSC measurement in the semisolid zone (30–50% liquid phase fraction), a status close to equilibrium can be achieved within minutes due to the high diffusion. To prove the potential of the equilibration by partial premelting in the DSC, additional equilibration and quenching experiments are performed in a Tammann furnace and investigated using a scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. By combining these methods, carbide types and the transformation temperatures can be verified to evaluate and construct complete phase diagrams.

AB - To predict the solidification and product properties of tool steels with complex chemical compositions, an understanding of the transformation behavior is crucial. Therefore, the quaternary Fe–C system with 10 wt% Cr and 3 wt% W (a subsystem of cold work steels, with M7C3 and M23C6 carbides) and the Fe–C system with 6 wt% W and 5 wt% Mo (simplified high-speed steel, with M6C and MC carbides) are selected. The motivation for this study is to develop a methodology for the safe and fast production of model alloys and the close to equilibrium performance of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Regular diffusion annealing of as-cast carbidic steels is time-consuming, but with an additional heat treatment during the DSC measurement in the semisolid zone (30–50% liquid phase fraction), a status close to equilibrium can be achieved within minutes due to the high diffusion. To prove the potential of the equilibration by partial premelting in the DSC, additional equilibration and quenching experiments are performed in a Tammann furnace and investigated using a scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. By combining these methods, carbide types and the transformation temperatures can be verified to evaluate and construct complete phase diagrams.

KW - alloy production

KW - differential scanning calorimetry

KW - equilibration

KW - phase diagram

KW - primary carbide

KW - semisolid

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144978749&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/srin.202200503

DO - 10.1002/srin.202200503

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85144978749

VL - 94.2023

JO - Steel research international

JF - Steel research international

SN - 1611-3683

IS - 4

M1 - 2200503

ER -