Landfill Mining generally describes the controlled excavation of depositional waste. The process is to be understood as the entire or partial removal of deposited waste from landfill sites in combination with a possible treatment of the excavated materials. The aim is the recovery of secondary raw materials from landfill sites and the creation of new resources. Until now, there have been hardly any Landfill Mining projects in which the excavated waste was characterized chemically and/or physically. Therefore, the main focus of the present master thesis is the characterization of specific fractions of deposited waste from two Austrian landfill sites: Allerheiligen (Styria) and Hollabrunn (Lower Austria). For this purpose, the fine fractions (<20 mm) and the high calorific fractions (net calorific values between 11 - 26 MJ/kg TS) were separated by means of a mobile treatment and further subjected to a chemical analysis for the evaluation of heavy metal contents. In this master thesis, the high calorific fraction is defined as the two-dimensional fraction (2D-fraction). It has been segregated by means of a ballistic separator in the course of the mobile treatment. Furthermore, the fine fraction has been characterized and analyzed regarding gas generation by incubation test GS21, respiration activity AT4, grain and proctor density, and water permeability (kf-coefficient) in constant compacted condition. Apart from the chemical analyses, the degree of pollution (i.e. contamination adherent to the material, partly organic in origin) of the high calorific fraction was also determined with washing tests. The water permeability values of the fine fraction were subsequently compared to the limit values defined in the Austrian Landfill Ordinance 2008 for use as a geological barrier as well as a mineral sealing layer for surface sealing concerning different types of landfills. To evaluate the fine fraction’s chemical quality, the results of the analysis were moreover compared to the limit values of the Landfill Ordinance 2008 for the anew landfilling on landfill sites. In addition, the results of the chemical analysis of the fine fractions were also checked against the valid limit values of the Guideline for Recycled Construction Materials and the Compost Ordinance 2001. To evaluate the potentially hazardous properties of both waste fractions (fine and high calorific fraction), the results were further assessed in regard to the criterion H13 according to the List of Wastes Ordinance 2003. The result of this comparison showed that both waste fractions are non-hazardous. Due to this result, the usability of both waste fractions as refuse derived fuel in cement-, power station- and other co-incineration plants according to the Austrian Waste Incineration Ordinance 2002 has subsequently been examined.