Influence of Tramp Elements on Surface Properties of Liquid Medium-Carbon Steels
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In: Steel research international, Vol. 95.2024, No. 8, 2300715, 25.06.2024.
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of Tramp Elements on Surface Properties of Liquid Medium-Carbon Steels
AU - Cejka, Julian
AU - Sammer, Bernhard
AU - Gruber, Isabell
AU - Michelic, Susanne Katharina
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Steel Research International published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2024/6/25
Y1 - 2024/6/25
N2 - The transformation of the steel industry is inevitably linked to increased recycling rates of steel. However, end-of-life scrap is often contaminated with tramp elements like copper, molybdenum, and tin and while their influence on mechanical properties of steels is well described, their effect on nonmetallic inclusions remains largely unknown. Therefore, herein, two medium-carbon steels are alloyed with up to 1 wt% of the listed tramp elements. The influence these elements have on the inclusion behavior in liquid steel is investigated using the sessile drop method in contact with alumina and zirconia as well as in steel/slag melting experiments to evaluate the formation and separation of new inclusions. Additionally, a semiempirical approach using CALPHAD to model the surface tension of steels with tramp elements is done. Copper and tin decrease the surface tension, while molybdenum increases the surface tension. It is demonstrated that most investigated alloys lead to a decrease of wetting angle as compared to the nonalloyed steels. The shown trends in the sessile drop experiments are lower contact angles with increased surface tension while a higher number of inclusions occurs with a decrease in surface tension. Thus, this study demonstrates that tramp elements affect the oxidic cleanness of steels.
AB - The transformation of the steel industry is inevitably linked to increased recycling rates of steel. However, end-of-life scrap is often contaminated with tramp elements like copper, molybdenum, and tin and while their influence on mechanical properties of steels is well described, their effect on nonmetallic inclusions remains largely unknown. Therefore, herein, two medium-carbon steels are alloyed with up to 1 wt% of the listed tramp elements. The influence these elements have on the inclusion behavior in liquid steel is investigated using the sessile drop method in contact with alumina and zirconia as well as in steel/slag melting experiments to evaluate the formation and separation of new inclusions. Additionally, a semiempirical approach using CALPHAD to model the surface tension of steels with tramp elements is done. Copper and tin decrease the surface tension, while molybdenum increases the surface tension. It is demonstrated that most investigated alloys lead to a decrease of wetting angle as compared to the nonalloyed steels. The shown trends in the sessile drop experiments are lower contact angles with increased surface tension while a higher number of inclusions occurs with a decrease in surface tension. Thus, this study demonstrates that tramp elements affect the oxidic cleanness of steels.
KW - medium-carbon steels
KW - nonmetallic inclusions
KW - steel cleanness
KW - surface behavior
KW - tramp elements
KW - wetting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85196751416&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://pureadmin.unileoben.ac.at/portal/en/publications/influence-of-tramp-elements-on-surface-properties-of-liquid-mediumcarbon-steels(320dc4b3-9c84-419d-b3c4-d9d3cadb2483).html
U2 - 10.1002/srin.202300715
DO - 10.1002/srin.202300715
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85196751416
VL - 95.2024
JO - Steel research international
JF - Steel research international
SN - 1611-3683
IS - 8
M1 - 2300715
ER -