Nowadays lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are playing a key-role in our everyday lives due to their exceptional properties. One of the key components, which serves as an intercalation material in the negative electrode, is graphite. Despite extensive efforts to find suitable alternatives with improved performance, energy density and cycling stability, graphite still represents the predominant portion of anode materials in commercial LIBs and is thus a significant industrial material for their production. Based on the import dependency of China, graphite is considered as a critical raw material in Europe. This thesis deals with the hydrometallurgical recovery of graphite from LIBs using selective mixed metal oxide leaching and subsequent flotation processes. Furthermore, mainly the influence of a preceding thermal treatment (pyrolysis) by active materials on the flotation process is empirically investigated. Therefore, this should provide a qualitative statement on the composition, the purity, as well as structure of the graphite separated by flotation. Moreover, metal leaching is performed to remove impurities in order to compare the obtained graphite phases without and before flotation. The received results show the functionality of a flotation-assisted graphite-recovery combined with a preceding pyrolytic heat treatment and inorganic/organic acid leaching. The recovered concentrate consists of >80% graphite and resembles the structural composition of anode graphite.