Fracture network characterisation of the Balmuccia peridotite using drone-based photogrammetry, implications for active-seismic site survey for scientific drilling
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In: Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 16.2024, No. 10, 24.04.2024, p. 3961-3981.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Fracture network characterisation of the Balmuccia peridotite using drone-based photogrammetry, implications for active-seismic site survey for scientific drilling
AU - Menegoni, Niccolò
AU - Panara, Yuri
AU - Greenwood, Andrew
AU - Mariani, Davide
AU - Zanetti, Alberto
AU - Hetényi, György
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
PY - 2024/4/24
Y1 - 2024/4/24
N2 - The presence of discontinuities (e.g. faults, fractures, veins, layering) in crystalline rocks can be challenging for seismic interpretations because the wide range of their size, orientation, and intensity, which controls the mechanical properties of the rock and elastic wave propagation, resulting in equally varying seismic responses at different scales. The geometrical characterisation of adjacent outcrop discontinuity networks allows a better understanding of the nature of the subsurface rocks and aids seismic interpretation. In this study, we characterise the discontinuity network of the Balmuccia peridotite (BP) in the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (IVZ), northwestern Italy. This geological body is the focus of the Drilling the Ivrea–Verbano zonE (DIVE), an international continental scientific drilling project, and two active seismic surveys, SEismic imaging of the Ivrea ZonE (SEIZE) and high-resolution SEIZE (Hi-SEIZE), which aim to resolve the subsurface structure of the DIVE drilling target through high-resolution seismic imaging. For fracture characterisation, we developed two drone-based digital outcrop models (DOMs) at two different resolutions (10–3–10 m and 10–1–103 m), which allowed us to quantitatively characterise the orientation, size, and intensity of the main rock discontinuities. These properties affect the seismic velocity and consequently the interpretation of the seismic data. We found that (i) the outcropping BP discontinuity network is represented by three more sets of fractures with respect to those reported in the literature; (ii) the discontinuity sizes follow a power-law distribution, indicating similarity across scales, and (iii) discontinuity intensity is not uniformly distributed along the outcrop. Our results help to explain the seismic behaviour of the BP detected by the SEIZE survey, suggesting that the low P-wave velocities observed can be related to the discontinuity network, and provide the basic topological parameters (orientation, density, distribution, and aperture) of the fracture network unique to the BP. These, in turn, can be used for interpretation of the Hi-SEIZE seismic survey and forward modelling of the seismic response.
AB - The presence of discontinuities (e.g. faults, fractures, veins, layering) in crystalline rocks can be challenging for seismic interpretations because the wide range of their size, orientation, and intensity, which controls the mechanical properties of the rock and elastic wave propagation, resulting in equally varying seismic responses at different scales. The geometrical characterisation of adjacent outcrop discontinuity networks allows a better understanding of the nature of the subsurface rocks and aids seismic interpretation. In this study, we characterise the discontinuity network of the Balmuccia peridotite (BP) in the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (IVZ), northwestern Italy. This geological body is the focus of the Drilling the Ivrea–Verbano zonE (DIVE), an international continental scientific drilling project, and two active seismic surveys, SEismic imaging of the Ivrea ZonE (SEIZE) and high-resolution SEIZE (Hi-SEIZE), which aim to resolve the subsurface structure of the DIVE drilling target through high-resolution seismic imaging. For fracture characterisation, we developed two drone-based digital outcrop models (DOMs) at two different resolutions (10–3–10 m and 10–1–103 m), which allowed us to quantitatively characterise the orientation, size, and intensity of the main rock discontinuities. These properties affect the seismic velocity and consequently the interpretation of the seismic data. We found that (i) the outcropping BP discontinuity network is represented by three more sets of fractures with respect to those reported in the literature; (ii) the discontinuity sizes follow a power-law distribution, indicating similarity across scales, and (iii) discontinuity intensity is not uniformly distributed along the outcrop. Our results help to explain the seismic behaviour of the BP detected by the SEIZE survey, suggesting that the low P-wave velocities observed can be related to the discontinuity network, and provide the basic topological parameters (orientation, density, distribution, and aperture) of the fracture network unique to the BP. These, in turn, can be used for interpretation of the Hi-SEIZE seismic survey and forward modelling of the seismic response.
KW - Remote sensing
KW - Fracture intensity
KW - Digital outcrop model (DOM)
KW - Rock discontinuity
KW - Fault
KW - SEismic imaging of the Ivrea ZonE (SEIZE)
KW - Ivrea–Verbano Zone (IVZ)
KW - Crystalline rock
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85198113673&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.03.012
DO - 10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.03.012
M3 - Article
VL - 16.2024
SP - 3961
EP - 3981
JO - Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
JF - Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
SN - 1674-7755
IS - 10
ER -