Existence, uniqueness and regularity of the projection onto differentiable manifolds
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Authors
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- Institut für Mathematik und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
Abstract
We investigate the maximal open domain E(M) on which the orthogonal projection map p onto a subset M⊆ R d can be defined and study essential properties of p. We prove that if M is a C 1 submanifold of R d satisfying a Lipschitz condition on the tangent spaces, then E(M) can be described by a lower semi-continuous function, named frontier function. We show that this frontier function is continuous if M is C 2 or if the topological skeleton of M c is closed and we provide an example showing that the frontier function need not be continuous in general. We demonstrate that, for a C k-submanifold M with k≥ 2 , the projection map is C k - 1 on E(M) , and we obtain a differentiation formula for the projection map which is used to discuss boundedness of its higher order differentials on tubular neighborhoods. A sufficient condition for the inclusion M⊆ E(M) is that M is a C 1 submanifold whose tangent spaces satisfy a local Lipschitz condition. We prove in a new way that this condition is also necessary. More precisely, if M is a topological submanifold with M⊆ E(M) , then M must be C 1 and its tangent spaces satisfy the same local Lipschitz condition. A final section is devoted to highlighting some relations between E(M) and the topological skeleton of M c.
Details
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 559-587 |
Number of pages | 29 |
Journal | Annals of global analysis and geometry |
Volume | 60.2021 |
Issue number | 3 |
Early online date | 1 Jul 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2021 |