The metallurgical industry is one of the world´s largest producers of various partly complex residues, which have to be landfilled in the majority of cases. Because of the increasing environmental regulations a recycling of such wastes is focused as important topic. This for example includes flue dusts from the steel industry. Different concepts are already available for the treatment, which are partly realized in industrial scale. Depending to the process different melting phases occur. In such a case a cheap refractory material is needed, which offers a good chemical, thermal and mechanical stability. With the thermodynamic program FactSage 6.2 a determination of occurring phases was done and options how to influence them during heating for different residues were studied. Based on this some possible refractory materials were determined. To identify the best material some laboratory tests with a rotary drum furnace were done. The advantage of this aggregate is the intensive contact between the refractory lining and the liquid slag, so that it was possible to get a better chemical attack and abrasive wear of the lining simulating near industrial conditions. Investigations in the change of the microstructure and analysis of the used lining built the base for the evaluation and final conclusion.