Raising energy efficiency is one of the biggest challenges humanity is facing at the beginning of our century. This work uses an interdisciplinary scientific approach to develop recommendations to enhance energy efficiency in Austria. As a starting point this work introduces the most important concepts for a scientific discussion of energy efficiency. Using a STEEP analysis major factors that influence overall energy efficiency are discussed. Furthermore a Vester-matrix is used to identify factors which can effectively influence the energy efficiency of an economy. The result of the analysis shows that regulatory measures are an appropriate way to improve energy efficiency. In the next part of the thesis European and Austrian legislation regarding energy efficiency and its impact on the economy is discussed. It is criticized that the regulatory framework doesn’t really aim on improving energy efficiency but rather forces businesses to use less energy. The following chapters illustrate the role of energy efficiency in the Austrian steel- and non-ferrous-metal industries and technological optimization potentials. For both industries there is great potential by expanding secondary production. Furthermore energy management systems and knowledge alliances and their possible contribution to efficiency gains are discussed. The work concludes with recommendations for an optimized Austrian energy policy.