TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of airborne particle abrasion and regeneration firing on the strength of 3D-printed 3Y and 5Y zirconia ceramics

AU - Mirt, Tadej

AU - Kocjan, Andraž

AU - Hofer, Anna-Katharina

AU - Schwentenwein, Martin

AU - Ivekovic, Aljaz

AU - Bermejo, Raul

AU - Jevnikar, Peter

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of airborne particle abrasion (APA) and regeneration firing (RF) on the subsurface damage and strength distribution of 3D-printed 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ zirconia parts for dental applications. Methods: Disc-shaped specimens were prepared using vat photopolymerization (VPP) technology from 3Y and 5Y zirconia ceramics, followed by thermal debinding and sintering. APA treatment with 50 µm Al 2O 3 particles and RF at 1000 °C for 15 min were applied. Microstructural analysis was conducted using FIB-SEM, and XRD analysis determined crystalline phase content. Biaxial flexural strength was measured using the ball on three balls method and analyzed with Weibull statistics. ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were employed to compare strength differences between groups. Results: APA treatment increased the flexural strength of the 3Y specimens but decreased it for the 5Y specimens. RF treatment reversed the effect, restoring the strength to as-sintered levels for both materials. APA-treated 3Y specimens exhibited characteristic strength values above 1400 MPa, attributed to phase-transformation toughening. As sintered 5Y specimens showed strength values above 600 MPa. APA treatment increased the Weibull modulus of the 5Y specimens, indicating a narrower defect size distribution. Significance: The study demonstrates that the impact of APA and RF treatments on the mechanical properties and reliability of VPP-fabricated 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ ceramics is comparable to conventionally prepared zirconia. VPP technology for 3D printing provides a viable approach for future manufacturing of dental restorations with potential clinical applications.

AB - Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of airborne particle abrasion (APA) and regeneration firing (RF) on the subsurface damage and strength distribution of 3D-printed 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ zirconia parts for dental applications. Methods: Disc-shaped specimens were prepared using vat photopolymerization (VPP) technology from 3Y and 5Y zirconia ceramics, followed by thermal debinding and sintering. APA treatment with 50 µm Al 2O 3 particles and RF at 1000 °C for 15 min were applied. Microstructural analysis was conducted using FIB-SEM, and XRD analysis determined crystalline phase content. Biaxial flexural strength was measured using the ball on three balls method and analyzed with Weibull statistics. ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were employed to compare strength differences between groups. Results: APA treatment increased the flexural strength of the 3Y specimens but decreased it for the 5Y specimens. RF treatment reversed the effect, restoring the strength to as-sintered levels for both materials. APA-treated 3Y specimens exhibited characteristic strength values above 1400 MPa, attributed to phase-transformation toughening. As sintered 5Y specimens showed strength values above 600 MPa. APA treatment increased the Weibull modulus of the 5Y specimens, indicating a narrower defect size distribution. Significance: The study demonstrates that the impact of APA and RF treatments on the mechanical properties and reliability of VPP-fabricated 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ ceramics is comparable to conventionally prepared zirconia. VPP technology for 3D printing provides a viable approach for future manufacturing of dental restorations with potential clinical applications.

KW - Airborne-particle abrasion

KW - Biaxial flexural strength

KW - Dental zirconia

KW - Regeneration firing

KW - Vat photopolymerization

UR - https://pureadmin.unileoben.ac.at/portal/en/publications/effect-of-airborne-particle-abrasion-and-regeneration-firing-on-the-strength-of-3dprinted-3y-and-5y-zirconia-ceramics(87cbb927-5e8c-4108-b1fa-4fb93c451d30).html

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85176279178&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.025

DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.025

M3 - Article

VL - 40.2024

SP - 111

EP - 117

JO - Dental Materials

JF - Dental Materials

SN - 0109-5641

IS - 1

ER -