TY - JOUR

T1 - Direct aqueous mineral carbonation of secondary materials for carbon dioxide storage

AU - Schinnerl, Florian

AU - Sattler, Theresa Magdalena

AU - Noori Khadjavi, Giv

AU - Lehner, Markus

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors

PY - 2024/10/2

Y1 - 2024/10/2

N2 - Mineral carbonation of secondary materials offers an innovative way of storing carbon dioxide in materials that instead would mostly go to waste. This study investigates the carbonation efficiency (CE) of 11 different secondaries from refractory production, waste incineration, and the paper industry compared to untreated and thermally activated serpentinite. To determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of the materials, various analytical methods, like X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller and thermogravimetric analysis have been employed, both before and after the direct aqueous carbonation process. Each material was examined over reaction times of 6 & 10 hours at 180 ◦C and a starting pressure of 20 bar in a 0.6 L stainless steel batch reactor. The received results were then compared to the theoretical CO2 uptake, defined as the maximum carbon dioxide storage potential achievable if all Ca, Fe and Mg ions were converted to carbonates. The findings indicate carbonation efficiencies of 14–65 % for secondary materials, compared to 0.7–14 % observed in the serpentinite samples. The highest uptakes were achieved by the refractory materials, primarily due to their high metal oxide content. However, a negative impact was observed from graphite-based carbon binders in the refractories, with increased leaching of these binders leading to a decrease in carbonation efficiency. Materials with higher SiO2 content showed reduced performance, suggesting a passivation layer buildup during carbonation.

AB - Mineral carbonation of secondary materials offers an innovative way of storing carbon dioxide in materials that instead would mostly go to waste. This study investigates the carbonation efficiency (CE) of 11 different secondaries from refractory production, waste incineration, and the paper industry compared to untreated and thermally activated serpentinite. To determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of the materials, various analytical methods, like X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller and thermogravimetric analysis have been employed, both before and after the direct aqueous carbonation process. Each material was examined over reaction times of 6 & 10 hours at 180 ◦C and a starting pressure of 20 bar in a 0.6 L stainless steel batch reactor. The received results were then compared to the theoretical CO2 uptake, defined as the maximum carbon dioxide storage potential achievable if all Ca, Fe and Mg ions were converted to carbonates. The findings indicate carbonation efficiencies of 14–65 % for secondary materials, compared to 0.7–14 % observed in the serpentinite samples. The highest uptakes were achieved by the refractory materials, primarily due to their high metal oxide content. However, a negative impact was observed from graphite-based carbon binders in the refractories, with increased leaching of these binders leading to a decrease in carbonation efficiency. Materials with higher SiO2 content showed reduced performance, suggesting a passivation layer buildup during carbonation.

KW - Direct mineral carbonation

KW - secondary materials

KW - industrial wastes

KW - mineralogical analysis

KW - carbonation efficiency

KW - Mineralogical analysis

KW - Industrial wastes

KW - Direct aqueous carbonation

KW - Secondary materials

KW - Carbonation efficiency

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85205382519&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102942

DO - 10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102942

M3 - Article

VL - 88.2024

JO - Journal of CO2 utilization

JF - Journal of CO2 utilization

SN - 2212-9820

IS - October

M1 - 102942

ER -