Due to current developments such as climate change or the scarcity of fossil resources, the combined energetic and resource use of biomass in corresponding biorefineries has attracted particular attention. Several research studies have been carried out in this regard, leading to the conclusion that striving for a combined, energy- and resource-efficient bioeconomy is inevitable. Therefore, biorefineries with different plant and process concepts are analysed and elaborated within the scope of the present work, which should enable a combined consideration and evaluation by defined Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). For this purpose, extensive research was conducted to show the current state of the art of biorefineries and the possibilities to evaluate combined energy and resource efficiency. Based on this information, an evaluation methodology was created and in this context the task was to define case studies, to improve them by technology and system optimizations (integration of emergent technologies and application of pinch analysis) in terms of energy and resource efficiency and to compare and evaluate the changes resulting from the defined optimization scenarios in relation to the reference scenario based on defined KPIs. Finally, the elaborated results were presented graphically in a network diagram. Performing this evaluation resulted in specific KPIs (used to get a better understanding of the considered case study), global KPIs (e.g., final energy consumption in relation to biomass provided or the degree of resource recovery throughout the system) and Benchmark KPIs (e.g., energy savings, process efficiency or technology improvement in relation to a reference scenario). Based on the developed KPIs, it could be shown that, for example, by integrating a membrane distillation in a conventional wastewater treatment plant, a system improvement of almost 45 % can be achieved, but due to the additional chemical input and energy demand of the technology used, it shows a need for research in this framework.