TY - JOUR

T1 - Assessment of URANS-Type Turbulent Flow Modelling of a Single Port Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) for Thin Slab Continuous Casting (TSC) Process

AU - Vakhrushev, Alexander

AU - Karimi Sibaki, Ebrahim

AU - Wu, Menghuai

AU - Ludwig, Andreas

AU - Nitzl, Gerald

AU - Tang, Yong

AU - Hackl, Gernot

AU - Watzinger, Josef

AU - Bohacek, Jan

AU - Kharicha, Abdellah

N1 - On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. The Author(s) 2024

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - The numerical methods based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS)equations are robust tools to model the turbulent flow for the industrial processes. They allowan acceptable grid resolution along with reasonable calculation time. Herein, the URANSapproach is validated against a water model experiment for the special single port submergedentry nozzle (SEN) design used in the thin slab casting (TSC) process. A 1-to-2 under-scaledwater model was constructed, including the SEN, mold, and strand Plexiglas segments.Paddle-type sensors were instrumented to measure the submeniscus velocity supported byvideorecording of the dye injections to provide both qualitative and quantitative verification ofthe SEN flow simulations. Two advanced URANS-type models (realizable k–e and shear stresstransport k–x) were applied to calculate velocity pattern on meshes with various resolutions. Anoscillating single jet flow was detected in the experiment, which the URANS simulations initiallystruggled to reflect. The dimensionless analysis of the mesh properties and correspondingadjustment of the boundary layers inside the SEN allowed to resolve the flow pattern. Theperformed fast Fourier transform (FFT) verified a good numerical prediction of the flowfrequency spectrum. The corresponding simulation strategy is proposed for the industrial CCprocess using the URANS approach.

AB - The numerical methods based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS)equations are robust tools to model the turbulent flow for the industrial processes. They allowan acceptable grid resolution along with reasonable calculation time. Herein, the URANSapproach is validated against a water model experiment for the special single port submergedentry nozzle (SEN) design used in the thin slab casting (TSC) process. A 1-to-2 under-scaledwater model was constructed, including the SEN, mold, and strand Plexiglas segments.Paddle-type sensors were instrumented to measure the submeniscus velocity supported byvideorecording of the dye injections to provide both qualitative and quantitative verification ofthe SEN flow simulations. Two advanced URANS-type models (realizable k–e and shear stresstransport k–x) were applied to calculate velocity pattern on meshes with various resolutions. Anoscillating single jet flow was detected in the experiment, which the URANS simulations initiallystruggled to reflect. The dimensionless analysis of the mesh properties and correspondingadjustment of the boundary layers inside the SEN allowed to resolve the flow pattern. Theperformed fast Fourier transform (FFT) verified a good numerical prediction of the flowfrequency spectrum. The corresponding simulation strategy is proposed for the industrial CCprocess using the URANS approach.

KW - URANS

KW - urbulent Flow Modeling

KW - Single Port Submerged Entry Nozzle

KW - SEN

KW - Thin Slab Continuous Casting

KW - TSC

M3 - Article

VL - 2024

JO - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science

JF - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science

SN - 1073-5615

ER -