This research project investigates the global fossil fuel energy market and its components through comprehensive understanding the challenges and opportunities of the energy supply and demand. To identify energy pathway three scenarios would be considered the Policy scenario, Environmental and Sustainability scenario, and Economical scenario. The paper provides a description the current status of global fossil fuel energy markets in particular coal. Recently, the supply of conventional energy resources being depleted at their fastest rates and their environmental impacts have gained scholars’ attention. Develop and employ alternative energy technologies is essential to achieve the objectives of reducing the environmental undesirable consequences and raise economic performance. This dissertation presents a critical assessment evaluating the economic fluctuations if coal mining and utilization at different phases of the coal life cycle in fossil fuel energy systems market based on the analysis of the vulnerability in coal mining industrial ecosystem in China form environmental footprint, economic stability and social risks aspects, which influence on the coal demand. And highlighting the energy supply problem which faces the Chinese government.