TY - JOUR

T1 - Analysis of Seventeen Certified Water Reference Materials for Trace and Technology-Critical Elements

AU - Ebeling, Anna

AU - Zimmermann, Tristan

AU - Klein, Ole

AU - Irrgeher, Johanna

AU - Pröfrock, Daniel

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association of Geoanalysts.

PY - 2022/6

Y1 - 2022/6

N2 - Concentrations of elements in the aquatic environment are a key parameter for various scientific fields such as biogeochemistry, biology and environmental science. Within this context, the scientific community asks for new analytical protocols to be able to quantify more and more elements of the periodic table. Therefore, the requirements for aqueous reference materials have increased drastically. Even though a wide variety of CRMs of different water matrices are available, certified values of many elements (e.g., rare earth elements (REE), technology-critical elements, such as Ga and In, and generally those elements which are not part of current monitoring regulations) do not yet exist. Therefore, the scientific community relies on published elemental concentrations of many CRMs provided by other researchers. Some elements of interest, such as the REE, are well studied and plenty of literature values exist. However, less studied elements, such as Ga and In, are rarely studied. In this study, an ‘externally’ calibrated quantification method based on an optimised online preconcentration method coupled with ICP-MS/MS was used for the quantification of thirty-four elements. The method was applied to seventeen water CRMs covering freshwater, brackish water and seawater. The measured data are combined with a comprehensive literature review on non-certified values in selected water CRMs, and new consensus values are suggested for various non-certified elements.

AB - Concentrations of elements in the aquatic environment are a key parameter for various scientific fields such as biogeochemistry, biology and environmental science. Within this context, the scientific community asks for new analytical protocols to be able to quantify more and more elements of the periodic table. Therefore, the requirements for aqueous reference materials have increased drastically. Even though a wide variety of CRMs of different water matrices are available, certified values of many elements (e.g., rare earth elements (REE), technology-critical elements, such as Ga and In, and generally those elements which are not part of current monitoring regulations) do not yet exist. Therefore, the scientific community relies on published elemental concentrations of many CRMs provided by other researchers. Some elements of interest, such as the REE, are well studied and plenty of literature values exist. However, less studied elements, such as Ga and In, are rarely studied. In this study, an ‘externally’ calibrated quantification method based on an optimised online preconcentration method coupled with ICP-MS/MS was used for the quantification of thirty-four elements. The method was applied to seventeen water CRMs covering freshwater, brackish water and seawater. The measured data are combined with a comprehensive literature review on non-certified values in selected water CRMs, and new consensus values are suggested for various non-certified elements.

KW - ICP-MS

KW - multi-elemental analysis

KW - seaFAST

KW - natural waters

KW - consensus values

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127408791&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/ggr.12422

DO - 10.1111/ggr.12422

M3 - Article

VL - 46.2022

SP - 351

EP - 378

JO - Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research

JF - Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research

SN - 1639-4488

IS - 2

ER -