TY - JOUR

T1 - Thermal volume expansion as seen by Temperature-modulated optical refractometry, Oscillating dilatometry and Thermo-mechanical analysis

AU - Klingler, Andreas

AU - Gilberg, Maurice

AU - Reisinger, David

AU - Schlögl, Sandra

AU - Wetzel, Bernd

AU - Krüger, Jan Kristian

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors

PY - 2024/1/14

Y1 - 2024/1/14

N2 - This paper revisits the experimental assessment of the thermal volume expansion behaviour via the novel technique of Temperature-modulated optical refractometry (TMOR) and compares it to two classical dilatometry techniques: Oscillating dilatometry (OD) and Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA). This is done at the example of a model liquid (n-tetradecane, C14H30) and a homogeneous and isotropic, cross-linked epoxy thermoset in the viscoelastic state. It is shown that the thermal volume expansion coefficients of C14H30 obtained via TMOR and OD agree exceptionally well with each other and indeed reflect thermodynamic constants, if certain experimental boundary conditions are met. In the case of TMA analyses of the epoxy thermoset, the measured data was found to be biased rather easily, especially due to the tracking force that induces additional shape changes beyond thermal expansion. The controlled combination of TMOR and TMA allows differentiating between a “true” thermal volume expansion behaviour and additional shape changing effects.

AB - This paper revisits the experimental assessment of the thermal volume expansion behaviour via the novel technique of Temperature-modulated optical refractometry (TMOR) and compares it to two classical dilatometry techniques: Oscillating dilatometry (OD) and Thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA). This is done at the example of a model liquid (n-tetradecane, C14H30) and a homogeneous and isotropic, cross-linked epoxy thermoset in the viscoelastic state. It is shown that the thermal volume expansion coefficients of C14H30 obtained via TMOR and OD agree exceptionally well with each other and indeed reflect thermodynamic constants, if certain experimental boundary conditions are met. In the case of TMA analyses of the epoxy thermoset, the measured data was found to be biased rather easily, especially due to the tracking force that induces additional shape changes beyond thermal expansion. The controlled combination of TMOR and TMA allows differentiating between a “true” thermal volume expansion behaviour and additional shape changing effects.

KW - Dilatometry

KW - Epoxy thermoset

KW - Temperature-modulated optical refractometry

KW - Thermal volume expansion

KW - Thermo-mechanical analysis

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85182896734&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108340

DO - 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108340

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85182896734

VL - 131.2024

JO - Polymer Testing

JF - Polymer Testing

SN - 0142-9418

IS - February

M1 - 108340

ER -