This paper takes the W1310 fully mechanized caving face of Gaohe Coal Mine of Lu'an Mining Bureau as the research object. First of all, I studied several different ventilation methods of coal mines, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of Y-type ventilation systems. The research status of scholars in various fields in the Y-type ventilation system and high-drainage alleys is explored. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and application of numerical simulation software, the internal roof of the coal mine goaf and the rock permeability are promoted with the advancement of mining operations, and the regularity of the roof of the goaf is changed. The distribution of “three district” and “three zones” in coal mines was studied, which provided data support for further numerical simulation of goafs. After the basic information of the goaf is set, the internal flow field of the goaf is simulated with the change of the ventilation system, and the migration law and concentration distribution of the gas in the goaf are further simulated. Finally, the influence of high pumping lanes was added to the simulation, and a simulation example of the gas distribution law of the W1310 goaf in Gaohe Coal Mine was obtained. At the same time, I also obtained a series of downhole measurements to obtain the gas concentration distribution at different locations in the working face. It is proved that the gas in the working face is different from the gas distribution from the inlet to the return air. At the same time, the SF6 wind leakage instrument was also used to investigate the air leakage in the goaf and the roadway along the goaf, and the simulation results were verified.