TY - JOUR

T1 - Revealing dynamic processes in laser powder bed fusion with in situ X-ray diffraction at PETRA III

AU - Krohmer, Erwin

AU - Schmeiser, Felix

AU - Wahlmann, Benjamin

AU - Rosigkeit, Jan

AU - Graf, Gloria

AU - Spörk-Erdely, Petra

AU - Clemens, Helmut

AU - Staron, Peter

AU - Körner, Carolin

AU - Reimers, Walter

AU - Uhlmann, Eckart

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Author(s).

PY - 2022/6/10

Y1 - 2022/6/10

N2 - The high flux combined with the high energy of the monochromatic synchrotron radiation available at modern synchrotron facilities offers vast possibilities for fundamental research on metal processing technologies. Especially in the case of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), an additive manufacturing technology for the manufacturing of complex-shaped metallic parts, in situ methods are necessary to understand the highly dynamic thermal, mechanical, and metallurgical processes involved in the creation of the parts. At PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, a customized LPBF system featuring all essential functions of an industrial LPBF system, is used for in situ X-ray diffraction research. Three use cases with different experimental setups and research questions are presented to demonstrate research opportunities. First, the influence of substrate pre-heating and a complex scan pattern on the strain and internal stress progression during the manufacturing of Inconel 625 parts is investigated. Second, a study on the nickel-base superalloy CMSX-4 reveals the formation and dissolution of γ′ precipitates depending on the scan pattern in different part locations. Third, phase transitions during melting and solidification of an intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloy are examined, and the advantages of using thin platelet-shaped specimens to resolve the phase components are discussed. The presented cases give an overview of in situ X-ray diffraction experiments at PETRA III for research on the LPBF technology and provide information on specific experimental procedures.

AB - The high flux combined with the high energy of the monochromatic synchrotron radiation available at modern synchrotron facilities offers vast possibilities for fundamental research on metal processing technologies. Especially in the case of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), an additive manufacturing technology for the manufacturing of complex-shaped metallic parts, in situ methods are necessary to understand the highly dynamic thermal, mechanical, and metallurgical processes involved in the creation of the parts. At PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, a customized LPBF system featuring all essential functions of an industrial LPBF system, is used for in situ X-ray diffraction research. Three use cases with different experimental setups and research questions are presented to demonstrate research opportunities. First, the influence of substrate pre-heating and a complex scan pattern on the strain and internal stress progression during the manufacturing of Inconel 625 parts is investigated. Second, a study on the nickel-base superalloy CMSX-4 reveals the formation and dissolution of γ′ precipitates depending on the scan pattern in different part locations. Third, phase transitions during melting and solidification of an intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloy are examined, and the advantages of using thin platelet-shaped specimens to resolve the phase components are discussed. The presented cases give an overview of in situ X-ray diffraction experiments at PETRA III for research on the LPBF technology and provide information on specific experimental procedures.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132015360&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1063/5.0077105

DO - 10.1063/5.0077105

M3 - Article

VL - 93.2022

JO - Review of scientific instruments

JF - Review of scientific instruments

SN - 0034-6748

IS - 6

M1 - 065104

ER -