TY - JOUR

T1 - Petrographic and organic geochemical study of the Eocene Kosd Formation (northern Pannonian Basin): Implications for paleoenvironment and hydrocarbon source potential

AU - Körmös, Sandor

AU - Bechtel, Achim

AU - Sachsenhofer, Reinhard

AU - Radovics, Balazs G

AU - Milota, Katalin

AU - Schubert, Felix

PY - 2020/8/1

Y1 - 2020/8/1

N2 - The Eocene Kosd Formation forms part of the Hungarian Palaeogene Basin. The coal measure of this formation was investigated using an 18 m drill core from borehole W–1. Petrographic and organic geochemical investigations (Rock-Eval pyrolysis, biomarker analysis) were performed in order to characterize the depositional environment, to determine the source of the organic matter within, and to assess the hydrocarbon generative potential. The presence of marine fossils, high TOC/S ratios and ash yields show that the deposition of the coal measure occurred in a marine delta with individual coal layers accumulating in low-lying, rheotrophic mires. The distribution of land plant-derived biomarkers demonstrates that the peat-forming vegetation was dominated by angiosperms, but the relative contribution of gymnosperms varied through time. In addition to land plants, algae and aquatic macrophytes contributed to the biomass. This dense vegetation established a CO 2-limited environment forcing aquatic plants to utilise HCO 3 − during photosynthesis. The marine environment, as well as the predominance of carbonate rocks in the hinterland, caused slightly alkaline conditions, which, together with reduced oxygen availability, stimulated sulphate-reducing bacterial activity and the microbial degradation of plant remains. Consequently, Kosd Formation coal is very rich in sulphur (up to 8.8%). Moreover, the coal contains vitrinite with a strong orange-brown fluorescence colour and swells strongly during pyrolysis. These features are typical for coals with marine influences. Vitrinite reflectance, Tmax, and biomarker proxies indicate that the organic matter is thermally mature and that the Kosd coal reached the high volatile bituminous rank in the deep borehole (~2.6 km depth). Rock-Eval parameters imply that the coal is gas- and oil-prone and reached the maturity threshold critical for first gas generation and the onset of oil expulsion.

AB - The Eocene Kosd Formation forms part of the Hungarian Palaeogene Basin. The coal measure of this formation was investigated using an 18 m drill core from borehole W–1. Petrographic and organic geochemical investigations (Rock-Eval pyrolysis, biomarker analysis) were performed in order to characterize the depositional environment, to determine the source of the organic matter within, and to assess the hydrocarbon generative potential. The presence of marine fossils, high TOC/S ratios and ash yields show that the deposition of the coal measure occurred in a marine delta with individual coal layers accumulating in low-lying, rheotrophic mires. The distribution of land plant-derived biomarkers demonstrates that the peat-forming vegetation was dominated by angiosperms, but the relative contribution of gymnosperms varied through time. In addition to land plants, algae and aquatic macrophytes contributed to the biomass. This dense vegetation established a CO 2-limited environment forcing aquatic plants to utilise HCO 3 − during photosynthesis. The marine environment, as well as the predominance of carbonate rocks in the hinterland, caused slightly alkaline conditions, which, together with reduced oxygen availability, stimulated sulphate-reducing bacterial activity and the microbial degradation of plant remains. Consequently, Kosd Formation coal is very rich in sulphur (up to 8.8%). Moreover, the coal contains vitrinite with a strong orange-brown fluorescence colour and swells strongly during pyrolysis. These features are typical for coals with marine influences. Vitrinite reflectance, Tmax, and biomarker proxies indicate that the organic matter is thermally mature and that the Kosd coal reached the high volatile bituminous rank in the deep borehole (~2.6 km depth). Rock-Eval parameters imply that the coal is gas- and oil-prone and reached the maturity threshold critical for first gas generation and the onset of oil expulsion.

KW - Eocene Kosd Formation

KW - High volatile bituminous coal

KW - Hungarian Palaeogene Basin

KW - Organic geochemistry

KW - Organic petrology

UR - https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2020.103555

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85088294278&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.coal.2020.103555

DO - 10.1016/j.coal.2020.103555

M3 - Article

VL - 228

JO - International journal of coal geology

JF - International journal of coal geology

SN - 0166-5162

M1 - 103555

ER -