In this perspective sustainability-relevant aspects of modern surface engineering technologies, which enable
improved structural and functional surface properties, are critically evaluated. Although plasma-assisted physical
vapour deposition (PVD) is increasingly employed to address global challenges, such as energy efficiency and
reduction of CO2 emissions, their inherently resource-intensive nature is often not considered.
Surface engineering research should thus embrace sustainability-relevant aspects from a processes and materials
design point of view. While we are convinced that sustainability-relevant surface engineering has to be
based on synchronised process and materials solutions, we will discuss processes and materials separately.
In terms of processes, we are going to describe the challenges of state-of-the-art technology, including energy
and mass balances as well as product cycles. With respect to materials, the coating and process purity as well as
chemical and microstructural complexity are discussed.
Such approaches are fully in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 Responsible
Consumption and Production. We expect that the here discussed urgently needed pathways towards responsible
surface engineering will become important for the surface engineering community and adopted within the near
future. Responsible surface engineering includes the human behaviour and necessitates a change in mindset of
materials scientists and process engineers. Hence, two main questions are critically evaluated in this perspective: