TY - JOUR

T1 - Hierarchical nature of hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron oxides

AU - Ma, Yan

AU - Souza Filho, Isnaldi R.

AU - Bai, Yang

AU - Schenk, Johannes

AU - Patisson, Fabrice

AU - Beck, Arik

AU - van Bokhoven, Jeroen A.

AU - Willinger, Marc G.

AU - Li, Kejiang

AU - Xie, Degang

AU - Ponge, Dirk

AU - Zaefferer, Stefan

AU - Gault, Baptiste

AU - Mianroodi, Jaber R.

AU - Raabe, Dierk

N1 - Funding Information: Y. Ma acknowledges financial support through Walter Benjamin Programme of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project No. 468209039). I.R. Souza Filho acknowledges financial support through CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil) & Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Project No. 88881.512949/2020–01). D. Xie acknowledges the financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. B. Gault acknowledges financial support from the ERC-CoG-SHINE-771602. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)

PY - 2022/5

Y1 - 2022/5

N2 - Fossil-free ironmaking is indispensable for reducing massive anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the steel industry. Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) is among the most attractive solutions for green ironmaking, with high technology readiness. The underlying mechanisms governing this process are characterized by a complex interaction of several chemical (phase transformations), physical (transport), and mechanical (stresses) phenomena. Their interplay leads to rich microstructures, characterized by a hierarchy of defects ranging across several orders of magnitude in length, including vacancies, dislocations, internal interfaces, and free surfaces in the form of cracks and pores. These defects can all act as reaction, nucleation, and diffusion sites, shaping the overall reduction kinetics. A clear understanding of the roles and interactions of these dynamically-evolving nano-/microstructure features is missing. Gaining better insights into these effects could enable improved access to the microstructure-based design of more efficient HyDR methods, with potentially high impact on the urgently needed decarbonization in the steel industry.

AB - Fossil-free ironmaking is indispensable for reducing massive anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the steel industry. Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) is among the most attractive solutions for green ironmaking, with high technology readiness. The underlying mechanisms governing this process are characterized by a complex interaction of several chemical (phase transformations), physical (transport), and mechanical (stresses) phenomena. Their interplay leads to rich microstructures, characterized by a hierarchy of defects ranging across several orders of magnitude in length, including vacancies, dislocations, internal interfaces, and free surfaces in the form of cracks and pores. These defects can all act as reaction, nucleation, and diffusion sites, shaping the overall reduction kinetics. A clear understanding of the roles and interactions of these dynamically-evolving nano-/microstructure features is missing. Gaining better insights into these effects could enable improved access to the microstructure-based design of more efficient HyDR methods, with potentially high impact on the urgently needed decarbonization in the steel industry.

KW - Direct reduction

KW - Hydrogen metallurgy

KW - Iron oxides

KW - Microstructure

KW - Multiscale

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124047050&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114571

DO - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114571

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85124047050

VL - 213.2022

JO - Scripta Materialia

JF - Scripta Materialia

SN - 1359-6462

IS - May

M1 - 114571

ER -