TY - JOUR

T1 - Experimental, analytical, and numerical quantification of the Marangoni effect in static refractory finger test

AU - Vollmann, Sandra

AU - Guarco, Jeronimo

AU - Burhanuddin, Burhanuddin

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors

PY - 2024/6/28

Y1 - 2024/6/28

N2 - This study investigated the local corrosion of alumina and magnesia refractory in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO slag due to the Marangoni effect, which is a key factor for localized wear in different industrial processes, using experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches. The objective is to explore the Marangoni effect using computational fluid dynamics simulation aiming to provide insights into the dominant slag flow patterns influencing refractory corrosion and to determine whether the observed corrosion groove can be attributed solely to the Marangoni effect. Static finger tests were conducted at temperatures of 1500 and 1550 °C employing a continuous wear testing device. A two-dimensional axisymmetrical section model of the test assembly was created, incorporating concentration-dependent surface tension gradients and surface tension forces to replicate the Marangoni flow. As the surface-tension simulation required time steps in the order of 10−5 s, modeling up to the experimental time scale cannot be realized. Consequently, the simulation outcomes were extrapolated to anticipate the groove radii of the experimental corrosion steps. Corrosion rates were derived from measurements and analytical methodologies. Established analytical equations for corrosion under surface-tension-flows were adapted to enhance the accuracy of corrosion rate estimation. However, the analytical considerations yielded poor estimates. Meanwhile, the employed simulation model successfully generated plausible predictions of the Marangoni flow. Drawing from the extrapolated simulation outcomes, the projected groove radii exhibited a close correspondence to the measured values, demonstrating a relative error of approximately 3 %, 11 %, and 15 % for the magnesia system at 1500 °C and alumina systems at 1500 and 1550 °C, respectively. Taking into account the uncertainties inherent in the methodological approach, the disparities in the alumina values suggest the involvement of mechanisms beyond the Marangoni effect in the localized wear. Consequently, this study effectively clarifies the impact of the Marangoni effect on the local wear of the examined material systems.

AB - This study investigated the local corrosion of alumina and magnesia refractory in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO slag due to the Marangoni effect, which is a key factor for localized wear in different industrial processes, using experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches. The objective is to explore the Marangoni effect using computational fluid dynamics simulation aiming to provide insights into the dominant slag flow patterns influencing refractory corrosion and to determine whether the observed corrosion groove can be attributed solely to the Marangoni effect. Static finger tests were conducted at temperatures of 1500 and 1550 °C employing a continuous wear testing device. A two-dimensional axisymmetrical section model of the test assembly was created, incorporating concentration-dependent surface tension gradients and surface tension forces to replicate the Marangoni flow. As the surface-tension simulation required time steps in the order of 10−5 s, modeling up to the experimental time scale cannot be realized. Consequently, the simulation outcomes were extrapolated to anticipate the groove radii of the experimental corrosion steps. Corrosion rates were derived from measurements and analytical methodologies. Established analytical equations for corrosion under surface-tension-flows were adapted to enhance the accuracy of corrosion rate estimation. However, the analytical considerations yielded poor estimates. Meanwhile, the employed simulation model successfully generated plausible predictions of the Marangoni flow. Drawing from the extrapolated simulation outcomes, the projected groove radii exhibited a close correspondence to the measured values, demonstrating a relative error of approximately 3 %, 11 %, and 15 % for the magnesia system at 1500 °C and alumina systems at 1500 and 1550 °C, respectively. Taking into account the uncertainties inherent in the methodological approach, the disparities in the alumina values suggest the involvement of mechanisms beyond the Marangoni effect in the localized wear. Consequently, this study effectively clarifies the impact of the Marangoni effect on the local wear of the examined material systems.

KW - C. Corrosion

KW - D. Al O MgO

KW - E. Refractories

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85197032845&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.06.215

DO - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.06.215

M3 - Article

VL - 50.2024

SP - 33953

EP - 33967

JO - Ceramics International : CI

JF - Ceramics International : CI

SN - 0272-8842

IS - 18, Part B

ER -