Assessing Fire-Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers
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in: Small, Jahrgang 18.2022, Nr. 13, 2105420, 04.02.2022.
Publikationen: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift › Artikel › Forschung › (peer-reviewed)
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessing Fire-Damage in Historical Papers and Alleviating Damage with Soft Cellulose Nanofibers
AU - Völkel, Laura
AU - Beaumont, Marco
AU - Johansson, Leena Sisko
AU - Czibula, Caterina Marina
AU - Rusakov, Dmitrii
AU - Mautner, Andreas
AU - Teichert, Christian
AU - Kontturi, Eero
AU - Rosenau, Thomas
AU - Potthast, Antje
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Small published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2022/2/4
Y1 - 2022/2/4
N2 - The conservation of historical paper objects with high cultural value is an important societal task. Papers that have been severely damaged by fire, heat, and extinguishing water, are a particularly challenging case, because of the complexity and severity of damage patterns. In-depth analysis of fire-damaged papers, by means of examples from the catastrophic fire in a 17th-century German library, shows the changes, which proceeded from the margin to the center, to go beyond surface charring and formation of hydrophobic carbon-rich layers. The charred paper exhibits structural changes in the nano- and micro-range, with increased porosity and water sorption. In less charred areas, cellulose is affected by both chain cleavage and cross-linking. Based on these results and conclusions with regard to adhesion of auxiliaries, a stabilization method is developed, which coats the damaged paper with a thin layer of cellulose nanofibers. It enables the reliable preservation of the paper and—most importantly—retrieval of the contained historical information: the nanofibers form a flexible, transparent film on the surface and adhere strongly to the damaged matrix, greatly reducing its fragility, giving it stability, and enabling digitization and further handling.
AB - The conservation of historical paper objects with high cultural value is an important societal task. Papers that have been severely damaged by fire, heat, and extinguishing water, are a particularly challenging case, because of the complexity and severity of damage patterns. In-depth analysis of fire-damaged papers, by means of examples from the catastrophic fire in a 17th-century German library, shows the changes, which proceeded from the margin to the center, to go beyond surface charring and formation of hydrophobic carbon-rich layers. The charred paper exhibits structural changes in the nano- and micro-range, with increased porosity and water sorption. In less charred areas, cellulose is affected by both chain cleavage and cross-linking. Based on these results and conclusions with regard to adhesion of auxiliaries, a stabilization method is developed, which coats the damaged paper with a thin layer of cellulose nanofibers. It enables the reliable preservation of the paper and—most importantly—retrieval of the contained historical information: the nanofibers form a flexible, transparent film on the surface and adhere strongly to the damaged matrix, greatly reducing its fragility, giving it stability, and enabling digitization and further handling.
KW - art conservation
KW - chemical analysis
KW - heat-damaged cellulose
KW - mechanical stabilization
KW - nanocellulose coating
KW - surface structure
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124479691&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/smll.202105420
DO - 10.1002/smll.202105420
M3 - Article
C2 - 35119202
AN - SCOPUS:85124479691
VL - 18.2022
JO - Small
JF - Small
SN - 1613-6810
IS - 13
M1 - 2105420
ER -