Obtaining optimized mechanical properties in which high strength is combined with excellent toughness of the material gains increasingly importance for seamless steel pipes. A new and innovative attempt for achieving the optimized properties represents the application of thermo-mechanical treatment in the seamless pipe rolling process. In this work the influencing factors to optimized mechanical properties are defined by a comprehensive system analysis of the pipe rolling system. To the deeper understanding of the processes a process model was developed, where simulations can be carried out under variation of the relevant parameters. This model is also useful for the reproducible application of this new technology. Particular attention was paid to the temperature development during the rolling and cooling processes. The fundamental mechanisms for achieving a fine grained microstructure as well as high strength and toughness at the product pipe were worked out to the necessary process modifications for the application of thermo-mechanical treatment in the pipe rolling process. Further on the following implementation in the pipe rolling mill at voestalpine Tubulars GmbH & Co KG is described. The development and installation of a new, flexible accelerated pipe cooling system after the stretching reducing mill represents an essential point for the defined cooling of the material. Finally the results of thermo-mechanical treated seamless steel pipes from the first production are summarized into regard on the innovation of this technology.