The aim of this master thesis was to synthesize and characterize new thermoplastic ionenes, which are suitable for type IV hydrogen pressure vessels. Therefore, selected aliphatic and aromatic imidazoles were synthesized, which were used as monomeric building blocks and the preparation of 7 polymers with tailored thermal properties was attempted. The monomers were characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as Fourier Transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. After confirming the structure of the monomers via 1H NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR, they were polymerized in the presence of different dihalides as comonomers. The characterization of the polymers was performed by 1H NMR, and FTIR. In addition, 4 different salts were utilized to perform anion-exchanges on the thermoplastic ionenes. The effect of the anion on the thermal and hygroscopic properties of the polymers was characterized in detail by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR. Due to the different chemical structures of the polymers and the related anions, tailored polymers with glass transition temperatures (Tg) in the range of 30 °C to 130 °C, and a thermal stability ranging between 170 °C and 385 °C were obtained. To summarize, the polymerizations conducted within this thesis lead to two thermoplastic ionenes with Tg values of 130 °C, whose thermo-mechanical properties make them interesting candidates for an application in Type IV hydrogen pressure vessels.