The aim of this thesis was to analyze the behavior of nitrogen uptake from the gas phase during the melting and atomization process of nitrogen-alloyed martensitic chromium steels. Subsequently, the obtained results will be used to provide an improved process understanding for the production of these steel grades. The experiments were supported by thermodynamic calculations. The melting experiments differ in terms of pressure and alloying concept by varying chromium and vanadium. Continuous sampling and nitrogen analysis were used to record the saturation curves of the individual tests. The comparison of the experiments showed a clear influence of the alloy composition and the pressure on the achievable nitrogen content of the melt. The tests, which had a lower pressure during the melting process than during atomization, were characterized by a significant increase in the nitrogen content between melt and powder. Furthermore, the nitrogen contents of the melt and powder were compared with thermodynamic calculations using FactSage and ThermoCalc. The FactSage calculations differ 15-20% from the measured nitrogen contents. For the chromium variations the results of ThermoCalc are closer to the measured results than FactSage and differ around 10%. However, for the vanadium rich alloy, ThermoCalc deviates significantly from the measured nitrogen contents. With the understanding gained, nitrogen uptake during the melting and atomization process can be predicted for the considered, but also for similar, alloying concepts. It was also shown that thermodynamic calculations can be used to estimate the required parameters for a given nitrogen content.