Statistical process control offers an efficient tool for the target oriented quality control in production systems. The main objective of this diploma thesis is, to check if the data captured automatically during the rail production within the head hardening facility of the voestalpine Schienen GmbH, is suitable for the statistical methods of quality management and as basis for the improvement of the production process. First, important theoretical basics and definitions were worked out including the basics of systems engineering, quality management and technical statistics. After the description of all facilities and processes for the rail production, the existing sampling method was investigated and its suitability was checked. The qualification of all relevant measurement systems was checked to assess the reliability of the existing data. The next step was the design of a suitable Quality Control Card, to examinate the process stability. Finally, process capability indices for the hardness in the rail head were determined.