TY - JOUR

T1 - Near-infrared spectroscopy in resin transfer molding—determination of the degree of cure

AU - Salzmann, Moritz

AU - Märzinger, Wolfgang

AU - Teuchtmann, Michael

AU - Ravindran, Bharath

AU - Kirschnick, Ulrike

AU - Fauster, Ewald

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.

PY - 2024/6

Y1 - 2024/6

N2 - Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is employed to directly monitor the degree of cure of composite material during the curing phase in the resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The composite material consists of natural fibers and an epoxy-amine resin system. The quantitative determination of the degree of cure, α, from the NIR spectra is realized by partial least square (PLS) regression in conjunction with various pre-treatments of the spectral data. As a reference, the degree of cure is determined by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The best PLS model that could be obtained for α is characterized by a determination coefficient of prediction (R²P) of 0.980 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.4 %. While the spectra change during curing according to the literature for each RTM trial, significant differences can be observed between the spectra of different RTM trials. The reasons for this are discussed in detail. The findings show the potential of inline NIR spectroscopy for monitoring α in the RTM process.

AB - Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is employed to directly monitor the degree of cure of composite material during the curing phase in the resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The composite material consists of natural fibers and an epoxy-amine resin system. The quantitative determination of the degree of cure, α, from the NIR spectra is realized by partial least square (PLS) regression in conjunction with various pre-treatments of the spectral data. As a reference, the degree of cure is determined by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The best PLS model that could be obtained for α is characterized by a determination coefficient of prediction (R²P) of 0.980 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.4 %. While the spectra change during curing according to the literature for each RTM trial, significant differences can be observed between the spectra of different RTM trials. The reasons for this are discussed in detail. The findings show the potential of inline NIR spectroscopy for monitoring α in the RTM process.

KW - Bio-composite

KW - Degree of cure

KW - Near-infrared spectroscopy

KW - Resin transfer molding

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85191939917&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00170-024-13671-z

DO - 10.1007/s00170-024-13671-z

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85191939917

VL - 132.2024

SP - 5557

EP - 5565

JO - International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

JF - International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

SN - 0268-3768

IS - 11-12

ER -