This master thesis deals with the extraction of sand and gravel from below ground water table. It was financed by the Lower Austrian Chamber of Commerce, Lower Austria Economic Chamber, Crafts and Trades Division. The influence of extraction activities on groundwater bodies shall be examined on six operation sites of small and medium-sized companies in Lower Austria. Each site is located in one of the big ground water bodies in Lower Austria (southern Tulln basin, northern Tulln basin, Marchfeld, Ybbs Valley, Gmündner Bucht, southern Vienna basin). At the beginning of the thesis the state-of-the-art is discussed. Therefore the latest publications are mentioned (e.g. KaBa study). All six operation sites are evaluated under certain parameters: mineral economical, water managerial, hydraulic, limnological, ecological and rehabilition aspects. All collected data consists of governmental approved documents and protocols (e.g. chemical parameters of semi-annual realised measures). Furthermore all data was processed for the usage in this diploma thesis. Tables and diagrams were used to analyse hydrochemical data of all six operation sites. Next, parameters of an ideal ground water lake under consideration of mineral extraction and tabular assessment criteria were developed. This model allows to evaluate all extraction operations and to figure out potential weaknesses. Additionally, all sites are graphically evaluated to show up all influences, e.g. ground water flow, ground water speed, wind direction, open lake surface, lake volume, slope grade, etc. in summary. The final discussion deals with external influences and impacts of mining activities, e.g. nitrate input due to agricultural activities, on ground water lakes. Furthermore, prospective development and ideas for supporting the sand and gravel industry are discussed, e.g. “Kiesleitfaden Niederösterreich” and a checklist for security of mineral supply is included.