The diverse challenges that companies have to face not only to maintain competitiveness and ensure economic survival, but in particular to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of internal processes and procedures, require innovative and continuous solutions for improvement of the operational processes. The area of asset management and in particular the associated maintenance require a special focus in terms of their sustainable performance due to increasing digitization, automation, and the associated increase in asset intensity. Thus, one way to create a basic starting point for a flexible reaction to changing environmental conditions and the associated need to adapt or optimize maintenance-related processes and strategies is to introduce a comprehensive criticality assessment system. This holistic evaluation method, which is carried out differently depending on the complexity of the company using it and the quality and scope of the data required for the analysis, makes it possible to prioritize the assets based on company-related data and allows to recommend further actions regarding the future company-internal handling of the existing data as well as an adaptation of the maintenance strategy. This diploma thesis is basically divided into two sections, a theoretical and a practical part. The first subsection deals with the epistemological foundations of the concept of risk and the associated practice of risk management. Furthermore, the associated preventive entrepreneurial action is highlighted. Also, the concept of maintenance is discussed theoretically with a special focus on maintenance-related key indicators. The scientifically known maintenance strategies together with their selection and implementation process are also considered. The first section concludes with a theoretical presentation of the points which the procedure model for criticality assessment dealt with in the practical part of the work. The second subsection concerns the implementation of a criticality assessment system at an asset-intensive company in the wire manufacturing industry. This section contains a detailed overview of all the accomplished steps and results of the analysis. The work concludes with a summary of the results and an outlook on possible future developments of the topics dealt with in this document, both from a scientific point of view and from the point of view of the company examined.