In Austria, the definition for Refuse Derived Fuels (RDF) is given in the legally binding Waste Incineration Ordinance (WIO) as: “…waste that is used entirely or to a relevant extent for the purpose of energy generation and which satisfies the quality criteria laid down…” in the WIO. The mentioned quality criteria are the so-called statistical limit values expressed as median and 80th percentile for eight selected heavy metals (i.e. Sb, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni and Hg). The concentration limits are related to the energy content and expressed as ratio between the content of heavy metals and the net calorific value of the RDF (i.e. [mg/MJDM]). Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) is a subgroup of RDF that is prepared from non-hazardous waste only. RDF that includes SRF must fulfil these requirements before being used for purpose of energy generation in, among others, cement production plants. The utilization of RDF in Austrian cement industry has become State of the Art, with an average thermal substitution rate over 72% in 2013. In the present Thesis, the design, the quality, the quality assurance and the energy recovery for three types of SRF – “SRF LOW Quality”, “SRF MEDIUM Quality” and “SRF PREMIUM Quality” – have been extensively investigated, described and discussed. The SRF types considered are prepared from non-hazardous municipal wastes (household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes and/or other non-hazardous wastes, e.g. waste fractions not suitable for recycling processes) in mechanical processing and SRF production plants. Energy recovery of “SRF LOW Quality” is carried out in a fluidised bed incinerator and energy recovery of “SRF MEDIUM Quality” and “SRF PREMIUM Quality” in the rotary kiln of a cement production plant. Various mechanical waste processing plants, including specialised SRF production facility, an incineration plant and two cement kilns have been investigated intensively during the practically oriented scientific work. New theoretical knowledge and innovative practical findings could be gained in this Thesis, considering the three research fields like: technical concepts for SRF production plants, quality (chemical-physical) and quality assurance of SRF as well as 100% thermal substitution of conventional fuel in the cement industry. It is expected that the practical implementation of the reported new results of this Thesis will show positive and valuable impacts on quality and quantity of SRF when used as substitute fuel.