This master’s thesis is intended to characterize landfill compounds by non-invasive methods of geophysics in order to infer the volume fractions of individual waste fractions in landfills. Particularly calorific fractions and metals are in the foreground in the recovery of resources from landfills. Using a variety of synthetic samples, some of which originate from landfills, magnetic parameters are studied by measuring magnetic susceptibility and the natural remanent magnetization in the laboratory. Granulated pig iron shows comparatively high values of magnetic susceptibility. The intensity of natural remanent magnetization is strongest in granulated pig iron. Most of the samples are also examined in laboratory tests by means of geoelectric measurements for their electrical conductivity in a saturated and earth-moist state. Plastic fractions have a significantly lower electrical conductivity in the earth-moist state than at full saturation. The results of the investigations are incorporated in model calculations that serve to verify the feasibility of geophysical exploration. The computational verification confirms the scalability between landfill and laboratory scale. In a pilot-scale experiment, individual fractions are installed in a test chamber and a geoelectric tomography is performed. The results are compared with forward model calculations.