Ferro-alloys, which consist of iron as basic matrix in combination with vanadium, nickel and molybdenum, are counted among the most important alloying components in steel metallurgy. On the one hand, this was caused by the more economic production process in comparison with the manufacturing of pure metals, and on the other hand, by the improved melting and dissolving behavior at process temperatures of about 1700 °C. In addition to the report of current primary production processes for ferro-alloys, all mentioned research activities are in the field of pyrometallurgical recycling due to intensive industrial cooperation in Austria. At the beginning, there is a list of known and potentially new secondary raw materials as an input in a recycling process for the production of ferro-nickel-molybdenum and ferro-vanadium. An important chapter covers the basic research on ternary systems with a strong link to an existing process. A heating microscope was used for characterization the melting behavior of slags. After appropriate evaluation based on already known data, a new type of three-dimensional illustration of measurement data is discussed. The investigated ternary systems not only include synthetic slag components, but also visualize the influence of real refractory-metal-bearing residues. The chapter “Process Optimization” deals with the results of all investigations carried out at a ferro-alloy manufacturer. The efforts aimed at minimizing valuable metal losses at the production plant. From a statistical point of view, the first attempts using iron as a collection metal were successful, but in economic terms, this approach is currently not cost-effective. Much more successful was the change of the melting procedure together with a new method of charging raw materials. A thermodynamic model of the process completes the investigations in the field of process optimization.