This master thesis calculates the hypothetical economic impacts on revenues and profits of 16 of the largest producers of copper, aluminium (bauxite ore), gold, and iron ore, if some key planetary boundaries were appropriately costed. For this, the author conducted literature research in order to compile prices of water, land-use change and CO2 that are given under global constraints. Firm's annual and sustainability reports were also assessed in order to extract information about the emissions and other environmental pressures associated with their activity. Due to the difficulties to define planetary boundaries and prices for land use and water, the author uses CO2 as a study case. Nevertheless, regional examples for water and land use valuation are given. The results show, that costs of CO2 emissions per ton of copper, aluminium (bauxite ore), iron ore and gold vary highly; mainly due to the wide range of prices per ton of CO2 across the different studies. It becomes apparent that an appropriate costing of released carbon emissions would significantly diminish certain companies’ revenues. The applied methodology may allow for a more in-depth analysis within the mining industry or other industries and can inform targeted environmental policymaking and taxation in the future.