Due to increased positive experiences in the use of fiber-reinforced concrete as well as the continuous development of fiber types out of different materials, the question has recently been raised as to whether this building material can replace the conventional reinforced concrete in segmental lining elements and thus implement its advantages. The main strengths of this material are improved impact strength, improved fire and corrosion resistance and considerable flexural strength. Additionally, there could be significant monetary benefits due to logistical facilitation. For these reasons, the present paper examines the state of the art in the field of fiber-reinforced concrete and explains essential aspects that speak for its use in the production of segmental-linings. In addition, the paper looks at why the use of fiber-reinforced concrete is currently very restricted and presents international application examples. In Austria, such use is currently prohibited, mainly due to insufficient tests for parameter extraction and discrepancies in the regulations used for the design. An essential characteristic, which is decisive for the use of this material in segments but is not sufficiently depicted with the conventional bending tests included in the standards, is the post-cracking behavior of the concrete. Due to scale effects and widely varying test results, the material behavior is often incorrectly assessed. As precast concrete elements are used in complex geological and geotechnical conditions, knowledge of their degree of utilization is essential. For this reason, loading tests are carried out on segments at a scale of 1:1 and subsequently evaluated regarding their load-bearing capacity. The entire manufacturing process in a precast concrete plant as well as the test preparation and execution at the segment testing facility of the University of Leoben in Niklasdorf are documented and described. Particular attention is paid to the metrological setup of the tests and the associated evaluation processes. Since finite element analyses are being used more and more frequently in the construction industry and the costs of carrying out large-scale segment-tests are not insignificant, numerical analyses represent a good alternative to the real tests. The load-bearing and deformation behavior of the fiber-reinforced concrete segments, which has been illuminated in a first stage by the large-scale tests, is afterwards simulated as realistically as possible by a numerical simulation model. Particular emphasis is placed on the behavior after the first cracks occur, which is to be made possible by appropriate constitutive models. As part of the simulation, the model creation is accurately documented, and its limitations are displayed. In addition, a sensitivity analysis regarding the discretization and mesh-size is performed. Existing Concrete Damaged Plasticity constitutive models are used for representing the material behavior. The simulations are then examined for their consistency with the actual large-scale tests. The overall objective is to verify the input parameters which have been determined via common laboratory tests in a previous work. Finally, adjustment factors for the input parameters of the constitutive model are determined, which lead to a better agreement between the experimental and the simulation results.