Industry 4.0 is a very prominent trend, both in industry and in research. In many cases, the implementation of Industry 4.0 technology is linked to high investment costs, which raises the question of the economic benefits of the investment for companies. This master thesis aims to investigate which critical success factors exist in the implementation of Industry 4.0 projects and what influence their fulfillment has on the company's performance. After the basics of Industry 4.0 are outlined at the beginning of the thesis, the focus is on the identification of critical success factors, taking into account both the research perspective as well as the perspective of industry practice. The critical success factors derived from the literature analysis and the expert interviews are verified as part of a survey among manufacturing companies and analyzed for their influence on company performance, whereby two groups of critical success factors were identified that have a significant impact on a company's performance.