Additive Manufacturing of Metallic and Ceramic Components by the Material Extrusion of Highly-Filled Polymers: A Review and Future Perspectives
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In: Materials, Vol. 11.2018, No. 5, 840, 18.05.2018.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Literature review › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Additive Manufacturing of Metallic and Ceramic Components by the Material Extrusion of Highly-Filled Polymers
T2 - A Review and Future Perspectives
AU - Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Joamin
AU - Cano Cano, Santiago
AU - Schuschnigg, Stephan
AU - Kukla, Christian
AU - Sapkota, Janak
AU - Holzer, Clemens
PY - 2018/5/18
Y1 - 2018/5/18
N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) is the fabrication of real three-dimensional objectsfrom metals, ceramics, or plastics by adding material, usually as layers. There are several variants of AM; among them material extrusion (ME) is one of the most versatile and widely used. In MEAM, molten or viscous materials are pushed through an orifice and are selectively deposited as strands to form stacked layers and subsequently a three-dimensional object. The commonly usedmaterials for MEAM are thermoplastic polymers and particulate composites; however, recently innovative formulations of highly-filled polymers (HP) with metals or ceramics have also been made available. MEAM with HP is an indirect process, which uses sacrificial polymeric binders to shape metallic and ceramic components. After removing the binder, the powder particles are fusedtogether in a conventional sintering step. In this review the different types of MEAM techniques and relevant industrial approaches for the fabrication of metallic and ceramic components are described. The composition of certain HP binder systems and powders are presented; the methods of compounding and filament making HP are explained; the stages of shaping, debinding, and sintering are discussed; and finally a comparison of the parts produced via MEAM-HP with those produced via other manufacturing techniques is presented.
AB - Additive manufacturing (AM) is the fabrication of real three-dimensional objectsfrom metals, ceramics, or plastics by adding material, usually as layers. There are several variants of AM; among them material extrusion (ME) is one of the most versatile and widely used. In MEAM, molten or viscous materials are pushed through an orifice and are selectively deposited as strands to form stacked layers and subsequently a three-dimensional object. The commonly usedmaterials for MEAM are thermoplastic polymers and particulate composites; however, recently innovative formulations of highly-filled polymers (HP) with metals or ceramics have also been made available. MEAM with HP is an indirect process, which uses sacrificial polymeric binders to shape metallic and ceramic components. After removing the binder, the powder particles are fusedtogether in a conventional sintering step. In this review the different types of MEAM techniques and relevant industrial approaches for the fabrication of metallic and ceramic components are described. The composition of certain HP binder systems and powders are presented; the methods of compounding and filament making HP are explained; the stages of shaping, debinding, and sintering are discussed; and finally a comparison of the parts produced via MEAM-HP with those produced via other manufacturing techniques is presented.
KW - Material Extrusion
KW - Additive Manufacturing
KW - highly-filled polymer
KW - Metal powders
KW - ceramic powders
KW - Sinter
UR - http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/5/840
U2 - 10.3390/ma11050840
DO - 10.3390/ma11050840
M3 - Literature review
VL - 11.2018
JO - Materials
JF - Materials
SN - 1996-1944
IS - 5
M1 - 840
ER -