TY - JOUR

T1 - Utilization of Renewable Carbon in Electric Arc Furnace-Based Steel Production

T2 - Comparative Evaluation of Properties of Conventional and Non-Conventional Carbon-Bearing Sources

AU - Kieush, Lina

AU - Schenk, Johannes

AU - Koveria, Andrii

AU - Rantitsch, Gerd

AU - Hrubiak, Andrii

AU - Hopfinger, Horst

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the scholarship program “Scholarship of the Scholarship Foundation of the Republic of Austria, Postdocs,” [MPC-2022-02241], financed by the Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research of Austria, which is gratefully acknowledged. Stahl-und Walzwerk Marienhütte GmbH, Graz, Austria; Voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Linz, Austria; and ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, Duisburg, Germany are gratefully acknowledged for providing the sample materials for this research. The authors are also grateful to the reviewers for their insightful comments and efforts in improving the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023/4/6

Y1 - 2023/4/6

N2 - Conventional (anthracite, calcined petroleum coke, and coke) and non-conventional (biochar, and biocokes (3 wt.% torrefied wood, and 3 wt.% petroleum coke + 3 wt.% charcoal)) carbon-bearing sources have been studied for their use in electric arc furnace (EAF)-based steel production. Commonly, for the use of carbon sources in EAFs, one of the important properties is the content of fixed carbon, the release of volatiles as well as the elemental composition of inorganics. The properties of six carbon sources were analyzed by determining the proximate analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), coke reactivity index (CRI), and strength after reaction with CO2 (CSR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore size and volume analysis, ash chemical analysis, optical and scanning microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results indicate biocoke as a promising option to replace conventional carbon-bearing sources. In the sample set, the fixed carbon, volatiles, and ash content of the biocokes were similar despite the total difference in additives. Additionally, the use of additives did not significantly affect the biocoke reactivity indices, but slightly decreased the strength after the reaction with CO2. Carbon-bearing sources have been characterized in terms of their structural properties. XRD analysis revealed that the amount of disordered carbon increased in the order: coke < calcined petroleum coke ~ biocoke (3 wt.% torrefied wood) < biocoke (3 wt.% petroleum coke + 3 wt.% charcoal) < biochar. The results obtained on the physical, chemical, and structural properties of carbon sources are the basis for further research on the behavior of slag foaming.

AB - Conventional (anthracite, calcined petroleum coke, and coke) and non-conventional (biochar, and biocokes (3 wt.% torrefied wood, and 3 wt.% petroleum coke + 3 wt.% charcoal)) carbon-bearing sources have been studied for their use in electric arc furnace (EAF)-based steel production. Commonly, for the use of carbon sources in EAFs, one of the important properties is the content of fixed carbon, the release of volatiles as well as the elemental composition of inorganics. The properties of six carbon sources were analyzed by determining the proximate analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), coke reactivity index (CRI), and strength after reaction with CO2 (CSR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore size and volume analysis, ash chemical analysis, optical and scanning microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results indicate biocoke as a promising option to replace conventional carbon-bearing sources. In the sample set, the fixed carbon, volatiles, and ash content of the biocokes were similar despite the total difference in additives. Additionally, the use of additives did not significantly affect the biocoke reactivity indices, but slightly decreased the strength after the reaction with CO2. Carbon-bearing sources have been characterized in terms of their structural properties. XRD analysis revealed that the amount of disordered carbon increased in the order: coke < calcined petroleum coke ~ biocoke (3 wt.% torrefied wood) < biocoke (3 wt.% petroleum coke + 3 wt.% charcoal) < biochar. The results obtained on the physical, chemical, and structural properties of carbon sources are the basis for further research on the behavior of slag foaming.

KW - biochar

KW - biocoke

KW - calcined petroleum coke

KW - coke

KW - EAF-based steel production

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85156104945&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/met13040722

DO - 10.3390/met13040722

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85156104945

VL - 13.2023

JO - Metals

JF - Metals

SN - 2075-4701

IS - 4

M1 - 722

ER -