Dynamic polymer networks combine the noteworthy (thermo)mechanical features of thermosets with the processability of thermoplastics. They rely on externally triggered bond exchange reactions, which induce topological rearrangements and, at a sufficiently high rate, a macroscopic reflow of the polymer network. Due to this controlled change in viscosity, dynamic polymers are repairable, malleable, and reprocessable. Herein, several dynamic polyurethane networks were synthetized as model compounds, which were able to undergo thermo-activated transcarbamoylation for the use in rebondable adhesives. Ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-2-propanol (EDTP) was applied as a transcarbamoylation catalyst, which participates in the curing reaction across its four -OH groups and thus, is covalently attached within the polyurethane network. Both bond exchange rate and (thermo)mechanical properties of the dynamic networks were readily adjusted by the crosslink density and availability of -OH groups. In a last step, the most promising model compound was optimized to prepare an adhesive formulation more suitable for a real case application. Single-lap shear tests were carried out to evaluate the bond strength of this final formulation in adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). Exploiting the dynamic nature of the adhesive layer, the debonded CFRP test specimens were rebonded at elevated temperature. The results clearly show that thermally triggered rebonding was feasible by recovering up to 79% of the original bond strength.