TY - JOUR

T1 - Additive Manufacturing of Metallic and Ceramic Components by the Material Extrusion of Highly-Filled Polymers

T2 - A Review and Future Perspectives

AU - Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Joamin

AU - Cano Cano, Santiago

AU - Schuschnigg, Stephan

AU - Kukla, Christian

AU - Sapkota, Janak

AU - Holzer, Clemens

PY - 2018/5/18

Y1 - 2018/5/18

N2 - Additive manufacturing (AM) is the fabrication of real three-dimensional objectsfrom metals, ceramics, or plastics by adding material, usually as layers. There are several variants of AM; among them material extrusion (ME) is one of the most versatile and widely used. In MEAM, molten or viscous materials are pushed through an orifice and are selectively deposited as strands to form stacked layers and subsequently a three-dimensional object. The commonly usedmaterials for MEAM are thermoplastic polymers and particulate composites; however, recently innovative formulations of highly-filled polymers (HP) with metals or ceramics have also been made available. MEAM with HP is an indirect process, which uses sacrificial polymeric binders to shape metallic and ceramic components. After removing the binder, the powder particles are fusedtogether in a conventional sintering step. In this review the different types of MEAM techniques and relevant industrial approaches for the fabrication of metallic and ceramic components are described. The composition of certain HP binder systems and powders are presented; the methods of compounding and filament making HP are explained; the stages of shaping, debinding, and sintering are discussed; and finally a comparison of the parts produced via MEAM-HP with those produced via other manufacturing techniques is presented.

AB - Additive manufacturing (AM) is the fabrication of real three-dimensional objectsfrom metals, ceramics, or plastics by adding material, usually as layers. There are several variants of AM; among them material extrusion (ME) is one of the most versatile and widely used. In MEAM, molten or viscous materials are pushed through an orifice and are selectively deposited as strands to form stacked layers and subsequently a three-dimensional object. The commonly usedmaterials for MEAM are thermoplastic polymers and particulate composites; however, recently innovative formulations of highly-filled polymers (HP) with metals or ceramics have also been made available. MEAM with HP is an indirect process, which uses sacrificial polymeric binders to shape metallic and ceramic components. After removing the binder, the powder particles are fusedtogether in a conventional sintering step. In this review the different types of MEAM techniques and relevant industrial approaches for the fabrication of metallic and ceramic components are described. The composition of certain HP binder systems and powders are presented; the methods of compounding and filament making HP are explained; the stages of shaping, debinding, and sintering are discussed; and finally a comparison of the parts produced via MEAM-HP with those produced via other manufacturing techniques is presented.

KW - Material Extrusion

KW - Additive Manufacturing

KW - highly-filled polymer

KW - Metal powders

KW - ceramic powders

KW - Sinter

UR - http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/5/840

U2 - 10.3390/ma11050840

DO - 10.3390/ma11050840

M3 - Literature review

VL - 11.2018

JO - Materials

JF - Materials

SN - 1996-1944

IS - 5

M1 - 840

ER -